What kinds of alloys are included in carbon alloys?

Carbon alloys are alloys with carbon as the main element, and usually also contain other elements, such as iron, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, etc. According to the different carbon content and the addition of other alloying elements, the types and properties of carbon alloys vary greatly, and are widely used in steel, machinery, tools and other industries. The following are the common types of carbon alloys and their main components and characteristics:

Low carbon steel (low carbon alloy steel)

Carbon content: usually less than 0.25%.

Main components: carbon (0.05% -0.25%) and a small amount of manganese, silicon and other elements.

Features: Low-carbon steel has good ductility, plasticity and weldability, and low strength, but it is easy to process into various shapes and has poor corrosion resistance.

Application: Widely used in the manufacture of building structures, bridges, automobile bodies, sheet materials, pipes, etc.

Common alloys:

Q195. Q235: Common low-carbon steel, widely used in the manufacture of steel bars, steel pipes, structural parts, etc.

Medium carbon steel (medium carbon alloy steel)

Carbon content: usually between 0.25% and 0.60%.

Main components: carbon (0.25% -0.60%), manganese (0.30% -0.90%) and a small amount of silicon and other elements.

Features: Medium carbon steel has good strength and toughness, moderate hardness, and is suitable for heat treatment. Its processability and weldability are low, but its strength is high.

Application: It is often used in the manufacture of mechanical parts that bear heavy loads, such as shafts, gears, springs, bearings, etc.

Common alloys:

45# steel: used to make medium-strength mechanical parts.

40Cr: Often used in the production of high-strength parts, such as gears, crankshafts, automotive parts, etc.

High carbon steel (high carbon alloy steel)

Carbon content: usually between 0.60% and 1.00%.

Main components: carbon (0.60% -1.00%), manganese (0.30% -0.90%) and other elements.

Features: High-carbon steel has high strength and hardness, but poor ductility and poor impact resistance. Heat treatment (e.g. quenching, tempering) is usually required to enhance its properties.

Application: Widely used in the manufacture of tools, knives, springs, hardened parts, etc.

Common alloys:

60# steel, 65Mn: It is often used to make high-strength and wear-resistant components such as springs and wires.

Alloy steel

Main components: On the basis of carbon steel, other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, etc.

Features: The addition of alloying elements can improve the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc. According to the different alloying elements added, alloy steels with different properties can be manufactured.

Application: Widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, energy, tools and other industries.

Common alloys:

16Mn: contains less manganese and is often used in the manufacture of medium-sized structural parts, pressure vessels, etc.

35CrMo: contains chromium and molybdenum, has high strength and wear resistance, and is widely used in the manufacture of high-strength mechanical parts.

40Cr: contains high levels of chromium and molybdenum, and is widely used in the production of mechanical parts, such as gears, crankshafts, etc.

Tool steel (carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel)

Main components: Tool steels typically contain high carbon content and other alloying elements (e.g. chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, etc.).

Features: Tool steel has high hardness, wear resistance and heat resistance, making it suitable for high-demand tools such as cutting tools and molds.

Classification:

Carbon tool steel: high carbon content, good hardness and wear resistance, but poor plasticity, often used in the manufacture of ordinary tools, such as knives, cutting tools, etc.

Alloy tool steel: By adding chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and other alloying elements to improve the wear resistance, thermal stability and hardness of steel. Often used in the manufacture of high-precision, high-hardness tools and molds.

Common alloys:

T8. T10: Carbon tool steels, commonly used in cutting tools.

H13. D2: alloy tool steel, often used in molds, die-casting molds, stamping dies, etc.

High Speed Steel (HSS)

Main components: contains a high proportion of tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and other alloying elements, with a carbon content of usually 0.7% to 1.5%.

Features: High-speed steel has high hardness, wear resistance, and heat resistance, enabling it to remain sharp during high-speed cutting, making it widely used in the manufacture of cutting tools.

Application: Mainly used in the manufacture of cutting tools, drills, turning tools, etc.

Common alloys:

M2. M35: Widely used in the manufacture of various cutting tools, cutting tools, etc.

Stainless steel

Main components: carbon and at least 10.5% chromium.

Features: Stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, high hardness and strength. According to the proportion of chromium, nickel and other elements, different types of stainless steel are formed, such as austenitic type, martensite type, ferrite type, etc.

Application: Widely used in chemical, food processing, construction, medical, automotive and other fields.

Common alloys:

304 stainless steel: widely used in kitchen supplies, chemical equipment, etc., with good corrosion resistance and processability.

316 stainless steel: It has stronger corrosion resistance than 304 and is suitable for marine and chemical industries.

420 stainless steel: Mahalanobis stainless steel, with high hardness and wear resistance, is often used in knives and tools.

Summarize:

Carbon alloys can be divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, high speed steel and other types according to the different carbon content and alloy elements. Each carbon alloy has different characteristics and is suitable for different application fields. Low carbon steel is commonly used in structural parts and construction; medium carbon steel and high carbon steel are suitable for mechanical parts and tools; alloy steel and tool steel are suitable for high strength and wear resistance fields, such as aviation, automobiles, molds and so on.